PREVIOUSLY: In Unit 13.1, we talked about "Talking
about ownership or possession" in Form One.
IN THIS UNIT 13.2, we will talk about "Describing
things" in Form Two.
TOPIC’S INFORMATION
Main Topic: GIVING DESCRIPTIONS.
Sub Topic: Describing things.
Periods per sub topic: 10
Class: Form Two.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SUB TOPIC
Obviously, without descriptions, we could not get to know most of the
things. Take an example of any you have never seen before not with a picture,
and ask yourself how did you get to know it? Actually, you know it through
descriptions. You may been told about the giant snake like Anaconda but only
through descriptions, and when you really see you can prove that, 'Yes, this is
what I was told about'. Most of the things are described but we have never seen
them before.
In this sub topic, students will learn how to describe things in terms
of quality and quantity by using appropriate expressions and vocabularies.
Part Two: Describing
things in terms of quantity.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON
In this sub topic, the student should be able to describe things in
terms of their quantity. The student will have the skills of using proper
words, phrases, and expressions in expressing things according to their
quantities.
- TEACHER’S PREPARATION STAGE
This stage is about
the preparation of the teacher before undertaking the lessons of the particular
sub topic. These are all activities, procedures, materials, teaching aids, and
games prepared by the teacher for teaching a sub topic:
- Putting heads together: Introducing
the topic/lesson properly. Organising how students will be able to get to
know what is the topic/lesson about. It is where teacher makes sure that
students are going to be in his/her train. It includes brainstorming and
familiarisation of the topic/lesson with the students.
This makes students
stay together with the teacher. It is at this stage students can understand
what is going to be discussed in the particular topic.
In this sub topic/lesson; the teacher will introduce the
sub topic/lesson by demonstrating the quantity things like sand, furniture, salt, sugar, oil, water, milk, and others. After
introducing these things, a teacher can ask each students or pairs to express
any of these in plural form. It is in this practice, students will realise that
the quantities of these things are expressed in other ways.
- Preparation
of Materials. A teacher has to decide on the teaching/learning
materials he/she is going to use.
In this sub topic/lesson; teacher will apply various pictures,
diagrams, and texts. Just as in the previous part of this sub topic/lesson, the
teacher will be required to prepare various pictures, diagrams and texts with
the statements that express quantity.
- Target
Practice. At this point, teacher shows/guides students how to the practice
of the functions of the sub topic. A teacher has to show or guide students
to the target practice of the grammatical functions of the sub topic.
Under this sub topic/lesson; A teacher will
prepare his/her teaching models and include target practice for students to
learn various patterns and functions such as:
...much water...; ...a lot of sugar...;
....some bread...; ...any news...; ...enough...; ...less furniture...; ...has a
lot of equipment; few/a few; little; many; plenty of.
Sentence Examples:
- There is much water in the bucket.
- Please pass me some bread.
- Ouch! This tea has a lot of sugar!
- Have you heard any news from him?
- Please, you need to fetch enough water for the evening cooking.
- This room is nice. It has less furniture.
- The carpenter has a lot of equipment.
- Our shamba has plenty of fruits.
- Many students dislike failing exams.
Note: All words and phrases in bold letters express
quantities.
- Context-Based
Practice. A teacher leads students to the discussion on how the target
grammatical functions practised earlier can be applied or integrated into
the contexts and situations. The students are guided by the teacher to
apply the learnt skills in relevant contexts and situations like homes,
school, library and other literary settings.
In this sub topic/lesson; students should explore how
to express things in terms of quantity in the contexts of school, home, town,
and the market.
- Vocabulary
Building Practice. At this time, teacher discusses with the students
on the vocabularies and phrases to apply in the already mentioned contexts
and situations.
In this sub topic/lesson; Vocabularies such as
equipment, furniture, bread, loaf, money, milk, water, pork, mutton, paper,
chalk, litre of, fleet of cars and others will be mostly used.
- TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURES,
ACTIVITIES AND GAMES
Guide the students to the full
sub topic/lesson procedures, activities and games for better understanding of
the sub topic by following these activities:
Activity
One:
Introductory prompt. The teacher asks students how they measure things like
water, soap, sugar and flour. This concept will make students think about other
ways of giving various measurements of such things. This can be a good
introduction to the expression of the things in terms of quantity.
Activity Two: In this activity, the teacher will describe familiar
things in terms of quantity inside and outside the classroom. He/she will
prepare students to listen carefully and pay attention to the expressions
he/she uses because after his/her demonstration, the students will later be
asked to express things in terms of quantity. As he/she demonstrates, he/she
should ask students to note down any words that show quantity of something.
Teacher will demonstrate things in terms of quality as follows:
*Inside the classroom
- Many students have attended school today
- Few students have not attended today
- There are few pieces of chalks in the box
- Low attendance is not required
- There is a lot of pictures on the wall
- Teacher has given us a piece of advice
- There is a piece of furniture in the class
- Our class has no much dust
*Outside the classroom
- There is a lot of trees outside the classroom
- Many buildings at school are painted white
- There is less pollution at our school
- Some trees are fruit trees
- Our teacher gave us a carton of juice during break time
- Every student runs to the parade when the bell rings
After this teacher's model, students now are introduced to the
vocabularies and patterns used when expressing things in terms of quantity. Some of these are:
Some
Any
A lot of...
A piece of advice
A bar of soap
Plenty of...
A bar of soap
Other words are: Less, many,
enough, little/a little, few/a few, fewer, much, each, every, etc.
Mastering these vocabularies will help students to construct their own
sentences easily.
Discussion of the meanings of some other
Quantity words: For more
understanding of the quantity words, the teacher can guide students to the
discussion of the following commonly used quantity words:
Much. This is used with collective and singular nouns. For example; much money, much water.
Many. This used with plural nouns. For example; Many teachers,
many friends.
Few. This is used with negative quantity or it implies
shortage of something. For example; Few teachers, few students.
A few. This
deals with positive quantity and it is also used with countable nouns. For example; Joy has a few friends. A few teachers, a few students.
Little. This implies negative quantities, or a diminutive in
size. For example; This cat is little, little person, little
crowd.
A little. This means positive quantities, and it is used with
non-countable nouns. For example; There is a little salt in soup, a little
water, a little crowd.
Less.
Less is used with non-countable nouns, collective nouns, volumes, and bulk
amounts. For example; There is less pollution in this area, less
sound, less erosion.
Fewer. This is used with countable nouns and individual
items. For example; Fewer bottles, fewer, chairs, fewer people.
Each. It is used with individual or separate items. For example; The bananas are Tsh 200 each, each person, each one of us.
Every. This refers to a thing in a group, or it describes
the frequency of actions. For example;
Everyone, every day, every weekend.
Some: it is used in the affirmative sentences.
Any: it is used in negative and interrogative sentences.
Enough:
it is used as both adverb and adjective. As an adjective, it is used before
noun and as an adverb it is used after the noun.
Activity Three. The teacher will guide students to practice using the
teacher's models above (Within the
classroom and outside the classroom) to describe quantity of things/people.
Here the teacher gives students a chance to express things/people in
terms of quantity. They should be encouraged to use the appropriate expressions
as used by the teacher in his/her model.
The students may have a variety of responses. The other expected
responses are like:
- Yesterday I bought a bag of sugar.
- I always drink much water.
- She drinks some milk every morning.
- A lot of students know to speak English.
- Our school has many teachers.
Activity Four: Here, students will be guided by their teacher to read
a variety of texts and note down description of things in terms of quantity.
The following Teacher’s model can be used along with others to test students if
they can identify the things that are described in terms of quantity.
Text: Teacher's Model
Karema High School is the school with plenty of blessings. First, the school has many trees; both normal and fruit trees. These trees give us a lot of benefits like fruits, soil
stability, and refreshing shadows. The school is also surrounded by many paddy fields. They enjoy much water as well because the school is
beside Lake Tanganyika. When you come at Karema you have to relax and wait for many fresh 'Mikebuka' and a bowl of rice!
Ask students to:
Identify any five words expressing quantity.
Note: Other questions may be formed out of this text.
Activity Five: A teacher may ask students to write short texts
describing quantity of things of their choice. The teacher should allow
students to choose their own things to describe, but under his/her guidance so
that to keep students in the track. For example, a teacher may help students to
choose things like; school, farm, garden, village, town, and others, then ask
them to describe them in terms of quantity. For example, a student who has
chosen describe the garden, he/she may have following descriptions of it:
I take care of my garden every day. It
has a lot of vegetables. I water some water every day to make it
evergreen and more productive. It gets plenty
of sunlight.
Students should be urged to apply the appropriate expressions when
expressing things in terms of quantity. It doesn’t matter how small practice
is, but it is good if it is effective to students.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE:
Adjectives of Quantity
Adjective of Quantity is the kind of adjective that shows the quantity of
nouns or pronouns.
These are adjectives that are used to describe nouns and distinguish
nouns from other nouns. These adjectives do not provide the exact number of
nouns or amount. It just indicates ‘how
much’ noun is there in the sentence.
Here are some examples:
- He has many books in his house.
- He is so handsome.
- Matatizo is very poor.
- He has completed most of the tasks.
- He has enough money to buy a car.
In the above sentences, the words, many,
so, very, most, and enough are
adjectives of quantity because they show the amount of noun. Adjectives of
number or numerical adjectives also specify the amount of noun in the sentence.
Other examples are:
- Most of the boys like to listen to music.
- My bucket is empty.
- We have no enough time for practice.
- There is little water in the jar.
- Is there any fruit in the basket?
- She ate a whole apple daily.
- We need abundant amount of water.
- She has numerous pens.
- I have little interest in dancing.
- My glass is half full.
REFLECTION
Ask students how they describe things to other people at home,
neighborhood, church, Town Street, or at school. For example, what expressions
do they use when they describe something to someone else.
Also ask them how they describe various objects. For example, what
expressions do they use when they are describing a certain object to someone
else who does not know how the object looks like.
ASSESSMENT
The teacher should use relevant assessment tools like oral questions,
drills, games, exercises, pair works, group works, and assignments so that to
check if a student is able to describe things in terms of their quantity?
Also the teacher can assess his/her
students by using the following ways:
Assessment 01: Oral
Questions with answers
Ask students if they can describe things in terms of quantity. Give
them various questions and check their responses in oral and in written forms.
Assessment 02: Choose
one best alternative from the brackets
Choose the correct words in the
brackets:
- I like ......(few/a few) friends
- She gave me .......(a piece/peace) of advice
- John drinks ......(many/much) water everyday
- The government insists ......(fewer/less) use of charcoal
- ........(Each/Every) one of us should speak
- Give me ......(a bar/piece) of soap.
Assessment 03: Matching
items.
LIST
A
|
LIST
B
|
|
|
Assessment 04: Pick the
correct answer from the box.
Sufficient, few, some, couple, all
|
- She spent _____ her money on picnics.
- He gave me _______ chocolates.
- We have _____________ books at our school.
- Only ______ birds are flying in the sky.
- In a ______ of days our results will appear.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
Give them the advantages of descriptive language and how it plays a
great role in our life. Show them how important it is to have the ability of
describing something to others in terms of quantity.
NOTE: These stages explained above are not necessarily covered in a single
lesson of single or double period. Remember that this is the guide for teaching
the whole sub topic which has periods ranging from 6 to 20. So, the teacher's
task is to divide these stages according to the total number of periods for a
particular sub topic.
WHAT
IS YOUR OPINION?
This article is about how to
study and teach "Talking about possession or ownership" in Form One.
As a student or teacher, what is your opinion on how to study and teach this
sub topic/lesson?
Your opinion is worth and I
believe that it can make these materials better for our own consumption.
You are Welcome!
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